It’s all marketing and propaganda BS… Europe remains a top player in R&D despite having just few few famous unicorns. It’s mostly due to regulation preventing monopolies and the lack of VC (which has good and bad impact IMHO) but the deeper question is : so what? What does it mean when companies don’t scale up by gobbling up competition?
So yes, the examples you give, and there are many more, do show Europe is managing to do all that, and I’d argue it’s key, without being authoritarian politically nor as winner-take-all economically.
It’s all marketing and propaganda BS… Europe remains a top player in R&D despite having just few few famous unicorns. It’s mostly due to regulation preventing monopolies and the lack of VC (which has good and bad impact IMHO) but the deeper question is : so what? What does it mean when companies don’t scale up by gobbling up competition?
So yes, the examples you give, and there are many more, do show Europe is managing to do all that, and I’d argue it’s key, without being authoritarian politically nor as winner-take-all economically.
It’s a balancing act but well worth the effort.